Unsteady Vortex Shedding Behind Cylinder CFD Simulation, ANSYS Fluent Tutorial
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Unsteady vortex shedding behind a cylinder is a basic fluid dynamics event that is very important in many engineering fields. This common example is used in fluid dynamics literature to comprehend the separation phenomenon, studying wake regions and vortex shedding, etc. As fluid moves around a cylinder-shaped object, the boundary layer separates from the surface, making low-pressure zones that move from side to side. Here the concept of von Kármán vortex street pattern arises. In order to avoid resonance and possible structural stress or failure, the designers of bridges, buildings, offshore platforms, and other structures need to understand and control these vortex-induced vibrations. Engineers use different methods, like changing the surface or adding strakes, to lessen vortex loss’s effects and ensure buildings stay stable and last a long time in fluid environments. A schematic of the problem is given in Fig.1.
Figure 1: Geometrical configuration of unsteady vortex shedding over cylinder CFD simulation
Simulation Process
Thanks to the Design modeller, the geometrical configuration of the cylinder and the extended rectangular domain around (Fig.1) can be easily created. However, a proper blocking is needed to facilitate us to generate structured grid in the next step. Otherwise, it is not possible. As a result, we could perform great work in ANSYS Meshing and generate 242302 hexahydra cells (see Fig,2). As the title of the project implies, the Transient (unsteady) solver is needed to simulate and follow flow over time. A high Reynolds number leads to the prediction of a turbulent flow regime. Thus K-epsilon Standard model is employed along with Enhanced Wall Treatment.
Figure 2: Structured grid for Unsteady Vortex Shedding Behind Cylinder CFD Simulation
Post-Processing
After the solution of unsteady vortex loss behind a cylinder, you can understand some informative flow data. The cylinder is facing some resistance, as shown by the drag coefficient (Cd) of 0.2095062. This aligns with the flow pattern in the velocity contour plot. There is a good chance that this Cd number shows a flow state where vortex shedding is happening but not fully formed. The streamline contour tells us a lot about how the flow is moving. The picture shows a smooth flow pattern going around the cylinder, with a clear tail area behind it. The split bubble is shown by the blue area right behind the cylinder, which is a low-velocity zone.
There is no net lift force acting on the cylinder at this point in time because the wake is symmetrical and there are no alternate swirls. This is why the lift coefficient (Cl) is 0. The smooth lines around the cylinder show how the flow splits up and then comes back together further downstream, making a typical wake pattern. The wake region’s slow change from blue to green and yellow shows how the speed is getting back to normal downstream of the cylinder. The given contours show that the simulation has caught the early stages of a vortex forming, though the typical von Kármán vortex street is not fully formed in this frame. These findings show how complicated unsteady flow around a cylinder is and how vital time-dependent analysis is for fully understanding vortex shedding.
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