Aqueous fluid and iris are vital, sensitive human eye parts. The anterior chamber’s clear aqueous humor regulates intraocular pressure and nourishes avascular structures. A careful balance of production and drainage is essential for eye health. A thin, round structure controls pupil size, and the iris controls light entering the eye. Both are sensitive due to their complex functions and interactions. Aqueous humor pressure directly impacts the iris’s location and movement, whereas the iris affects flow patterns. Due to the delicate balance needed for optimal eye function, even little disturbances can cause vision difficulties. Regarding its importance, a Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI) CFD model is executed based on the reference paper entitled “ Fluid and structure coupling analysis of the interaction between aqueous humor and iris”.

Figure 1: Schematic of Human Eye (Aqueous Humor and Iris) extracted from the reference paper

Simulation Process

The geometry model was created by using the software Design Modeler, shown in Fig. 2. The posterior surface of cornea and the anterior part of the lens are regarded as two segments of the spheroid with a radius of 6.8 and 10 mm, such that their centers are 3 mm apart, and the cornea thickness is 0.5 mm. This simulation features a 1-way Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI) model, which involves both Fluent and ANSYS Structural software. All essential parameters are given in the reference paper including the properties of cornea and iris materials, Young`s modulus and Poisson`s ratio.

Figure 2: a three-dimensional model of the simulation device

Post-processing

Important insights into the biomechanics of the human eye are revealed by this simulation of its fluid-structure interaction. The places of high stress where the iris most likely connects to surrounding structures are highlighted by the similar stress distribution. The inner edge of the iris exhibits the greatest degree of total deformation, suggesting its flexibility in response to variations in pressure. Complex flow patterns in the aqueous humor are essential for preserving intraocular pressure and nutrition distribution. The outside margins of the structure exhibit the largest elastic strain, indicating regions of maximum stretching or compression. Together, these findings offer a thorough understanding of the physiological interactions between the many parts of the eye, providing important information on possible diseases, treatment options, and the development of artificial eye structures.